Fast TCP
Researchers at Cern and Californias Caltech have tripled data rates over existing infrastructure by tweaking protocols. They averaged 923Mbits/sec using Fast TCP compared to 266Mbits/sec using standard TCP. By aggregating 10 channels they achieved 8.6Gbytes/sec!
FTCP is one of the results of research into the recently launched Grid, a network for distributing computing power rather than just information.